Uterine fibroids are a common condition that affects a significant number of women, yet many may not be aware of their presence, as fibroids often remain asymptomatic. In fact, up to 80% of women will have fibroids by the time they reach 50, though many will never experience symptoms. However, for some, fibroids can lead to a range of discomforting symptoms, including heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and complications with fertility.
Early detection and regular screening are essential to managing fibroids effectively and preventing complications. In this blog from 1Fibroid, we’ll explore the importance of annual screenings, how early detection can help with treatment options, and the strategies you can use to stay proactive about your uterine health.
What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that develop in or on the walls of the uterus. They can vary greatly in size, from small growths that are barely noticeable to large ones that can distort the shape of the uterus. Fibroids are often classified based on their location:
- Subserosal fibroids: Grow on the outer layer of the uterus.
- Intramural fibroids: Found within the muscular wall of the uterus.
- Submucosal fibroids: Develop just under the lining of the uterus and are more likely to cause symptoms.
The exact cause of fibroids remains unknown, but hormonal influences, especially estrogen and progesterone, are known to contribute to their growth. Additionally, genetics and family history play a significant role—women who have close relatives with fibroids are more likely to develop them.
Why Annual Screenings Matter
Fibroids often develop silently and grow slowly. Many women may have fibroids and not know it because they don’t experience symptoms. However, when symptoms do arise, they can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life. Heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, urinary frequency, and constipation are common signs of fibroids. In some cases, fibroids can even affect fertility or cause complications during pregnancy.
Regular screening helps detect fibroids early, even if symptoms are not yet noticeable, so they can be monitored before they grow larger or lead to more serious complications. Early detection of uterine fibroids allows for timely intervention, which can reduce the need for invasive treatments and prevent the progression of symptoms.
How Are Fibroids Detected?
The process of detecting uterine fibroids typically involves a combination of physical exams, imaging tests, and medical history assessments. These screenings are often part of your annual gynecological exam and are crucial in identifying fibroids before they become a significant problem.
1. Pelvic Exam
During a routine pelvic exam, your healthcare provider will manually feel the uterus for any abnormalities. If fibroids are large enough, they may be detected through palpation, where the provider feels the uterus for signs of enlargement or irregularities.
2. Ultrasound
Ultrasound is the most common imaging technique used to visualize fibroids. An abdominal ultrasound uses sound waves to create an image of the uterus, which allows the provider to assess the size, location, and number of fibroids. If your provider suspects fibroids, an internal (transvaginal) ultrasound may be recommended for a clearer, more detailed view.
3. MRI
For more complex cases, such as when fibroids are located deep within the uterine wall or there is a need to assess the blood flow, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a highly detailed imaging tool that provides a comprehensive view of the uterus and fibroids. MRI is especially helpful for mapping fibroids before treatment options like Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) or myomectomy.
4. Hysteroscopy and Sonohysterography
In some cases, a hysteroscopy, which involves inserting a small camera through the cervix into the uterus, may be used to directly visualize fibroids located inside the uterine cavity. Sonohysterography involves injecting a saline solution into the uterus to improve the clarity of ultrasound imaging. This method is particularly useful for detecting submucosal fibroids, which grow just beneath the uterine lining and are more likely to cause symptoms like heavy bleeding.
When Should You Get Screened for Fibroids?
Annual gynecological exams are an excellent time to discuss screening for uterine fibroids with your healthcare provider. While fibroids are most common in women in their 30s and 40s, they can occur at any age. Women with a family history of fibroids or those experiencing symptoms like heavy periods, pelvic pressure, or pain should seek a discussion about fibroid screening with their doctor.
Additionally, if you are having difficulty conceiving or have experienced miscarriages, it’s especially important to be screened for fibroids, as fibroids can affect fertility by obstructing the fallopian tubes or changing the shape of the uterus.
Factors That Increase the Risk of Fibroids:
- Age: Most common in women 30–50 years old.
- Family history: If your mother or sister had fibroids, you are at increased risk.
- Obesity: Women who are overweight may have an increased risk of fibroids due to elevated estrogen levels.
- Ethnic Background: African-American women are at higher risk and may experience more severe symptoms.
Treatment Options for Fibroids: What to Consider After Detection
Once fibroids are detected, treatment will depend on several factors, including the size, location, and symptoms associated with the fibroids, as well as your age and reproductive goals.
- Observation
If fibroids are small and not causing symptoms, monitoring may be recommended. Regular ultrasounds can help track their growth and ensure they don’t cause complications. - Medications
Medications like NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) or tranexamic acid can help reduce symptoms like pain and heavy bleeding. Hormonal treatments, such as birth control pills or IUDs, may help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce bleeding. - Minimally Invasive Procedures
Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) is a popular non-surgical treatment for fibroids. This procedure cuts off the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink. MRI-guided focused ultrasound and laparoscopic myomectomy (fibroid removal) are also options for managing symptoms with less recovery time than traditional surgery. - Surgery
In cases where fibroids are large, cause significant symptoms, or impact fertility, a myomectomy (removal of fibroids) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be considered. Surgery is usually a last resort if other treatments are ineffective.
Staying Proactive with Uterine Fibroid Health
Uterine fibroids are a common condition, but they don’t have to control your life. Annual screenings and early detection are vital tools for managing fibroids, especially for women who may be at risk or experiencing symptoms. Regular visits to your gynecologist, alongside imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI, can help identify fibroids before they cause significant issues.
If you’ve been diagnosed with fibroids, remember that there are a variety of treatment options available, ranging from medications and minimally invasive procedures to surgery. The best course of action depends on your symptoms, health goals, and personal preferences, so it’s important to have an open dialogue with your healthcare provider.
By staying proactive with annual screening and adopting a holistic approach to uterine health, you can take control of your fibroid management, improve your well-being, and make informed decisions about your reproductive health.
1Fibroid in New York is Here to Support You
If you’re dealing with fibroids, take comfort in knowing that with the right care and support, you can continue to thrive and plan for the future with confidence. For support on your journey, call 212-991-9991 today to learn more about your options for better health and symptom relief at 1Fibroid in New York.
